Kants Moral Obligation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kants Moral Obligation - Essay Example Timmons state in this regard, that the logic would play an important role in determining whether the perceived act will bring any good thing without ‘qualification’ (206). A good thing without qualification would only have two extremities including the good and the bad and nothing in between. Therefore, individuals use their reasoning capacity to identify the acts with good consequences. While individuals accomplish their desires out of good will, it is equally important to note that goodwill is the only virtue that has the aspect of universal absolute good (Timmons 207). This means that every good thing including wealth, honor, and riches may turn to be bad things in the end if individuals harbor ill wills for accomplishing their missions. However, people can perpetuate the good things if they have good intentions and wills making their deeds good in universal terms. In this sense, rationality comes into play in the sense that people who have good intentions motivated b y their positive reasoning will always accomplish good things in the society (Stern 45). While happiness may derive from a particular action does not accentuate the moral obligation of that action, as the idea of happiness is too empirical and indefinite to serve as a concept for moral obligation (Timmons 208). It is indefinite because people differ in tastes, preference, and enjoyments, while it is empirical in the sense that people actually understand that my experience, they can make decisions that bring them happiness. In a revisit of the concept of goodwill, people act because they strongly believe that they have a moral duty or they are morally obliged to perform certain tasks. The consequences in this case according to Stern, do not play an important role in deciding to engage in such deeds (Stern 62). Individual inclination principles, on the other hand, influence our actions in that reason recognizes our principles that in turn determine our motive in the quest of accomplishing our moral duty.

Campus Security Management

Campus Security Management Campus Security is traditionally defined as one of the most pervasive problems that a campus or university must address. There is rarely has a campus issue, problem, or challenge that requires the recruitment of everyone in the university to solve. Security Management is about protection of a building and other assets of the building. Security management is encompasses a field of management related to asset management, physical security and human resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an organizations information assets and the development, documentation and implementation of policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Security is an essential issue for every organisation i.e. government, private, commercial or educational institution. Thus, university security personnel such as campus security officers and campus security guard need to have a strong understanding of campus security. There are many important responsibilities are being brought out in running a university. One of the most important is proper security management. Campus security is necessary in order to keep employees and their belongings safe. All students and university community members are encouraged to be fully aware of the safety issues on campus and to take action to prevent and to report illegal and inappropriate activities. Personal awareness and applying personal safety practices are the foundation of a safe community. Pursuant to the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act, university monitors criminal activity and publishes the security report, maintaining a three-year statistical history on the campus, on the adjunct campus, and at off-campus facilities used. University also distributes information about the report to students and employees. A copy of this report is also available to prospective students and employees upon request. Various policies and procedures relating to campus security are needed and it expressly reserves the right to modify or adopt additional policies or procedures at any time without notice. Such changes may appear in successive issues of the security report. (Saint Paul College, 2009). Statement of Research Problems: For universities, it is always a challenge in balancing the desire to welcome the public to campus events with the need to protect the safety of the university community. It is exposed to physical risks and vulnerabilities as well as the vandalism because there are many people pass in and out to the campus include the students who stay off-campus. University community such as students and staff as well as workers who work in the campus area always feel unsecure or unsafe when the security system cannot reach to the extent of protection. Unsecure environment will affect the students academics. However, according to the statistics, the people attitude always makes sense that it will never happen here. Thus, due to the lack of awareness on the security among the students, staffs and visitors of the university, this research study is to get a better understanding on the security management and to know how important are the security management. Besides that, this research will identify the students satisfaction toward security management of University of Malaya. Objectives of the Study: To determine the current security system in University of Malaya (UM). To identify the level of satisfaction among students towards current security system in UM. To conclude and make appropriate recommendations to improve on the current security system. Background of the Study: The security is always an issues concerned by community. In the campus, even there is a security system, many students may still not satisfy with the current security system in the universities because many theft cases still happen, make loss on the students and staffs. Thus, a good and efficient security management of a university is important so that to ensure all aspects and assets of the building are kept safe and defended from danger or injury or loss. Security covers all the devices, technologies and specialist materials for perimeter, external and internal protection. This covers everything from sensors and closed-circuit television to barriers, lighting and access controls. Significance of the Study: This study will show an overview of Security Management system to those security administrators and other security personnel as well as the staff and students about protecting campus assets. Through this research, people will more understand the current security system in University of Malaya and thus the administrators and security personnel could more concern on the current security system problem so that will gives awareness to them so that safety of students and the campus more secure. By managing well in campus security, not only the university community will feel more secure, the visitors will also enjoy the benefits because the probability to face problems will be lower. The students also can enjoy the safe and secure academic environment. Scope of Study: This study will look on the security management in University of Malaya. The area of study will concentrate on whole University of Malaya and also Security Office of University of Malaya. The target segment of this research will mainly focus on the students of University of Malaya so that to achieve the objective of the study. Research Methodology: In carrying out this study, understanding of the definition of security and Security Management of campuses and universities will be carried out from secondary data such as magazines, newspapers, encyclopedia, journal articles and abstracts as well as the data mainly collected from internet. Besides that, the current security system of University of Malaya can also be studied. In addition, questionnaire surveys data will be collected from students so that can know the satisfaction level on security in University of Malaya among them. The data collection and information gathered will be put into chart in the most proper way. Thus, every data and information gathered will be analyzed before the study can reach the conclusion. Structure of the Study: This chapter provides a concise introduction to the topic of this study. It includes statement of research problems, objectives of the study, background, significance of the study, scope of study, research methodology and the structure of the study. In the Chapter 2, the Literature Review, provide information to better understanding on the security management of university including the role of security and types of security. Besides that, this chapter will also study the importance of the security policy and the devices used in implementation of campus security. Chapter 3 is the Case Study which will study on the current security system and management in University of Malaya. All information and documentations that related to the Security Office and the security of University of Malaya will be studied. This chapter will also examine the case study which looks on types of security system such as the traffic control, CCTV, access control, issuing of vehicle sticker and special team as well as role of security guards. Chapter 4 is the Findings and Analysis of the research methodology. Before proceed with analysis, research methodology will be briefly explained. The quantitative research will provides the tabulation of the quantity survey through questionnaire survey. The result will base on the analysis of the data collected as well as observation. Lastly, Chapter 5 is the Conclusion and Recommendation. The conclusion of the study will be derived from the findings and analysis done in previous chapter. After of all, the suggestion and recommendation regarding improvement of security system will be made.

Descartes, Leibniz, And Spinoza Essay -- essays research papers

If these great thinkers (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were to discuss instead the soul’s connection to the body, what might each say (both on his own behalf and in response to the other)? Would they find any places where they might agree? If not, why not? (These are, after all, smart guys!)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though this sort of meeting would strike me as a debate with as furiously disparate and uncompromising ideals as one would find in a meeting of Andrew Weil, Jerry Falwell, and David Duke, I expect that the philosophers would find some surprisingly common ground. Descartes, the Christian outcast, Spinoza, the Jewish outcast, and Leibniz, the creative mathematician all acknowledge that what we know better than anything is the mind. Given this, we can deduce that any knowledge we acquire of our perceived bodies does not necessarily relate to some external reality, physical substance, or biological bodies. However, from this point on the three scholars meander off in separate definitive arguments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Descartes reasons in â€Å"Meditations on the First Philosophy: In Which the Existence of God and the Distinction Between Mind and Body are Demonstrated† that mind and body are real, extant, and separate products of God. He does this by suggesting that if the body were not real, then God would be deceiving us, which is unlikely from a perfect god. He also arrives at a proof for his mind’s existence by postulating the famous cogito, ...

Paper on US Presidential Campaigns

This has been the strangest of American election campaigns; the most exciting in 40 years in terms of the closeness of the contest, yet one in which both major candidates have utterly failed to capture the national imagination. The lead in the polls has changed hands half a dozen times since September and, even at this late stage, only the very bravest dare forecast the outcome. Campaigning, alas, tends to bring out the worst in Gore. As the standard-bearer of the incumbent party, he should have long since locked up this election. Yet his turgid style, his maddening tendency to condescension, and his craven unwillingness to depart from the script provided by his advisers have combined to squander the â€Å"peace and prosperity† factor that should have guaranteed victory. It should be said, too, that his Republican opponent, George W Bush, has improved considerably as the campaign has progressed. Not only has he won the personality contest, a vital component of any American election, hands down; he has held his own in the second debate, adroitly focused his attack on Gore's weak points, and avoided the gaffes that everyone expected. In short, he has done enough to make a plausible president. But that does not mean he would be a good president. His short attention span, his pervasive lacks of curiosity, his general lightness of being, remain unnerving. He has mastered his lines, but all too often does not seem to understand them. On the domestic front, Gore's ideas for using the massive budget surpluses ahead are far more convincing; his ideas on abortions, global warming, education, and campaign-finance reform more clearly address the problems facing America. Gore-appointed justices in the Supreme Court would offer added protection against a social lurch to the right. Al Gore believes that a woman should have a right to legal abortions, and that they should be â€Å"safe and rare.† Gore supports FDA approval of abortion pill Mifeprex and he wants to reinforce security around clinics to protect the doctors who perform abortions, and the patients who seek their services. â€Å"I think it†s up to the woman, and I strongly support a woman†s right to chose, and I support the FDA†s approval, assuming it†s safe for the woman who takes it,† said Gore. Bush on the other hand disagrees completely saying that the FDA†s decision was totally wrong. Ensuring Clean and Reliable Sources of Electricity: Al Gore's plan would ensure clean and reliable sources of electricity by enhancing our nation's capacities to reliably generate and distribute electricity and by providing market-based incentives to clean up aging power plants. Gore revived the issue of global warming, a subject from his past that he has generally ignored this year. Seizing on a new UN report asserting that pollution appears to be raising world temperatures, Gore tried to portray global warming as a populist issue. He called the effort to stop global warming a fight against big polluters, in an attack similar to those he has made on drug companies, insurance companies, & health-maintenance organizations. â€Å"It does not have to happen and won†t happen if we put our minds to solving this problem,† Gore said of the predicted rise in temperature and problems that would create. Gore†s turn to global warming suggests he now thinks he can use the subject to cast an unfavorable light on Bush, who has expressed skepticism about the danger. Bush says, â€Å"It†s an issue that we need to take very seriously. I don†t think we know the solution to global warming yet and I don†t think we†ve got all the facts before we make decisions.† In the field of education Gore says: â€Å"We can't reform education with half an agenda. We can't make education our top priority if huge tax cuts for the wealthy are already the first, second, and third priority. That's really the choice we face: a commitment to education for life or a set of priorities that could leave us with budget deficits for life.† He argues that if you drain the money away from the public schools for private vouchers, it hurts the public schools. George W. Bush has a narrower education agenda because his massive tax cut leaves few resources to invest in education. Vice President Al Gore supports reforms to eliminate gray areas in legislation. He backs McCain-Feingold Bill because it†s that important that all of the issues like prescription drugs for seniors that is opposed by the drug companies, will be easier to pass if we limit the influence of special interests. Whereas Bush supports an effort to ban corporate soft money & labor union soft money. Bush thinks that there needs to be instant disclosure on the Internet as to who†s given to whom. Gore supports using $2.2 trillion of the Social Security surpluses to shore up the program and pay down the debt, thus saving billions of dollars in interest, which can be redirected to ensuring the solvency of the Social Security trust fund until at least 2050. He supports the elimination of the Social Security earnings limit, which the president signed into law on April 7, 2000. Gore supports an increase in benefits for widows and eliminating the â€Å"motherhood penalty† — the resulting reduction in benefits for women who take time off from work to raise children. â€Å"I do not believe it's right to play games with Social Security or pit young against old in a scramble to fulfill extravagant and competing campaign promises,† he said in a speech in Kissimmee, in central Florida. â€Å"I believe we have to strengthen Social Security by giving unprecedented new opportunities for families to save more, invest more and get higher returns,† Gore said. Bush does not rule out the possibility of rising the eligibility age for baby boom-era recipients as part of trade-off for private investment accounts. Bush freely admits that he would rely on advisers. They are an indisputably reassuring bunch, led by Colin Powell, his likely Secretary of State, and Dick Cheney, his running mate and a former Secretary of Defense. But what if the advisers disagree? Again, I come back to Bush's lack of depth. The Republican might have won the campaign. But Gore deserves to win the election and the presidency; Gore†s views are clearly more logical and realistic to this country and that†s why I would vote for Gore.

Personnel Policies Essay

Implementing high standard personnel policies are highly important in setting out rules and regulations that will dictate how employees will go about conducting organizational practices and operations. Aside from this purpose, personnel policies serve as guides to monitor the compliance of personnel to set rules and regulations. The content of personnel policies being implemented for compliance is broad. Its scope covers accepted organizational practices and operations that are framed within the context of the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives, ethical standards and guidelines including corporate social responsibilities, the job description, rules and regulations in carrying out the job description, necessary information that falls to an individual’s role in the company (Minnesota Council of Nonprofits, 2008) (i. e. alary, rules of termination, rules in asking for resignation, dress code, good manners and conduct in dealing with clients and leaders of the organization, the work schedule, rules and requirements in filing for a leave of absence, acceptable reasons for leaves of absence, etc. ) (NMML, 2007) With this in mind, personnel policies then become a regulating factor ensuring that employees uphold organizational goals and objectives. Aside from this, personnel policies identify the rights and duties of employees. (Minnesota Council for Nonprofits, 2008) For instance, if an employee sees the reason for the organization to raise his wages for sensible and accepted reasons, then he will be given a chance to make a plea to the leaders of the organization if the personnel policy allows this action. Another example of a right that the personnel policy can grant employees is the right to fight discrimination in the workplace. Whether it is discrimination motivated by gender bias (when a male superior harasses a female employee), cultural bias (being deprived of employee benefits because of one’s race), or any other biases not accepted by societal norms and mores, employees will be given the right under the personnel policy to take action in order to counter discrimination in the work environment. Other aspects of personnel policies that are critical to the success of the organization include how tasks and responsibilities will be delegated to personnel or staff members according to their capacity to accomplish them, the planning and implementation phases of employee training, and securing the interest of the organization as well as the employees by setting rules that are agreeable to both of them. Moreover, personnel policies seem to set a consistent and trustworthy organization because it enables them to have a guide where all business practices, operations, rewards system, policy-making steps, etc. are based on without having to argue about other aspects of these processes because personnel policies clearly provide a firm and long-existing ground. (Khungar, 2005) In the case of human resources management, the training of newly-hired employees will be based on personnel policies. With the aforementioned purpose of personnel policies to the hiring process, the human resources department ensures that all applicants that will be hired meet the standards of the organization and are willing to contribute to the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives. This highly influences the cost of training newly-hired employees because it cuts down the required funds for conducting training-related programs. This is so because hiring is based on high standard personnel policies that ensure employees will not need to undergo strict and highly demanding training for their respective jobs. (McNamara, 2008) The pre-employment phase is the most critical factor of hiring and recruiting. It is a decisive factor that will dictate whether the organization will be well on its way to accomplish its goals and objectives because the kind of employees that the organization will be hiring will determine whether business practices and operations will be carried out by them successfully. Therefore human resources departments make sure that the pre-employment phase is thoroughly monitored and evaluated. Choosing from a diverse population of applicants is difficult because the HR department needs to make sure that the people they will be hiring meets the requirements of the organization as well as the position being called for as it is related to its great contribution to the success of the organization. During the pre-employment process, personnel policies exist to guide the hiring process. Personnel policies are laid out for applicants who will be potentially hired by the organizations. These personnel policies will determine whether applicants are able to meet the requirements set by it. For instance, part of the personnel policy is the salary for a particular position in the organization. Laying out the salary will help the applicant decide whether to take the job or not, and the organization to decide whether to hire the applicant or not in terms of his agreeable behavior towards the set salary. Aside from this reason, personnel policies also ensure that only the best of the applicants will be hired for their engagement and contribution to the success of the organization. Primarily, the records of the applicant will be screened, with regards to financial records, employment records, employment behavior in previous work, academic achievements, related experiences, criminal records, etc. This is to ensure that the applicant the organization will hire will not jeopardize the future of the organization. For instance, an applicant with drug addiction problems might hamper the growth and development of the organization because of his inability to be productive in the work place. Upholding personnel policies as directed by the goals and objectives of the organization will tell the human resources department that is responsible for hiring and recruiting to not employ the applicant to the organization because of his personal aspects that are proven to be a hindrance to organizational success. Overall, personnel policies are not only implemented within the organization for the compliance of its employees or staff members. It is also a critical determinant in the hiring and recruitment process. In conclusion, personnel policies should be framed within the context of highest standards to ensure that members of the organization and potential recruits will meet organizational standards and guidelines for its efficient accomplishment of its mission, goals and objectives.