Compromise Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay

Compromise Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay Frederick Douglass was one of the most well-known fiery orators and his famous speeches, including The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro, were published in many different abolitionist newspapers. On July 5, 1852, Douglass was invited to present a speech about the importance of the Fourth of July for Americas black people. In his speech, Douglass condemned the attitude of the American population toward slavery. In fact, Douglass was very radicalized by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850. This law allowed the search and arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery had been abolished. In addition, the law obliges the population of all states to actively participate in the capture of fugitive slaves, and the severe punishment for the slaves, those who harbor them, and those who have not contributed to the capture of a slave. That is why, Douglass became radicalized by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 and stated that these events were very cruel in American history. Reconstruction was a period in the U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877 years. In the U.S. history, reconstruction involve, firstly, a historical period following the Civil War between the North and the South, and, secondly, the transformation of the South in the period from about 1865-1866 to 1877 during the restructuring of the government and society in the former Confederacy. Three adopted amendments to the Constitution have affected the whole country. In various southern states, reconstruction began and ended at different times, in the end, the completion of this process is generally considered to be a compromise of 1877. Reconstruction policy was implemented after the fact when the slaveholding South found itself completely at the mercy of the Federal Army. President Abraham Lincoln during the war created the Reconstruction government in several Southern states Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana, and gave the land to former slaves in South Carolina. After Lincolns assassination, President Andrew Johnson tried to follow the policies of his predecessor and appointed new governors in the summer of 1865. Soon, he said that the objectives of the war the national unity and the elimination of slavery have been achieved and, therefore, the reconstruction was complete. All in all, it is possible to conclude that despite a lot of abuse and the fact that Reconstruction did not go swimmingly, all the goals were achieved in a proper way and it completed the separation between the North and South. Thus, Reconstruction can be considered to be a success. The movie Glory is based a true story that tells about the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer, which took place during the Civil War. The 54th Regiment was the first unit of the U.S. Army composed entirely of blacks (except for officers). The regiment was formed in 1862 and headed by young Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who believed that former slaves could also be good soldiers. Colonel Shaw will have to deal with racial prejudice of his enemies and friends, the officers, who began to despise him for his choice. The major differences existed among the black soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were the fact that the regiment included not only the free blacks, but also the escaped ones who together struggled for their freedom rights. Additionally, they both were from different regions of origin and had different educational backgrounds. However, despite discrimination during the Civil War, blacks could prove that they were good soldiers willing to struggle to the death for their rights. The Emancipation of Proclamation was a document that consisted of two orders of Abraham Lincoln issued during the Civil War. The first decree issued on September 22, 1862, declared free all slaves in any state of the CSA. The second decree issued on January 1, 1863, named the 10 individual states to be covered by the abolition of slavery. At the beginning, the Emancipation of Proclamation was criticized because it emancipated slaves only in the areas where the United States of America had no power. However, the Proclamation brought freedom to thousands of slaves in the day when it entered into force, and in nine of the ten states in which it was applied (Texas was the only exception). In such a case, it is possible to say that the Emancipation of Proclamation was an act of justice, which brought freedom to black slaves and strived to abolish slavery. From the beginning of the Civil War, blacks in the North have made persistent attempts to win the right to serve in the federal army and to defend their freedom. F. Douglas during the Civil War tirelessly explained that the key political issue is the destruction of slavery and insisted on the admission of blacks in the Union Army. However, until the middle of 1862 the government refused them in this. Only under the influence of military setbacks and the growing pressure from the masses, it was decided to call blacks in the Union Army. Before the Civil War, blacks were recruited into the navy, but only in non-combatant positions without the right to bear arms. Thus, nearly two years of war blacks were not allowed to join the army, and only the number of serious injuries has forced Republicans to accept blacks into the Army. Compulsory recruitment of blacks into the army was resolved only by the law of 24 February 1864, that is, in the final year of the war. Blacks fought with unparalleled courage and played a huge role in the victory of the North. Hence, it is possible to draw a conclusion that blacks during the civil war showed many examples of heroism and resourcefulness and had a great impact on the outcome of the Civil War.

Macbeths Demise :: essays research papers

Macbeth Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tragedy Macbeth by William Shakespeare is based on a thane in whom is corrupted by greed and a negative ambition. The character Macbeth contradicts his moral responsibility in this play a great deal; many moral questions are brought forth to Macbeth. He questions himself and whether or not he should follow through with the evil deeds that he does. Macbeths ambition causes him to compromise his honour, he doesn’t take into consideration that he is being trusted and that every action that he takes will have a reaction. Macbeth attains his position as king unjustly. As is evident by the conclusion, justice prevails as usual and Macbeths demise is a result of his evil deeds. Macbeth negates his moral responsibility as a person as well as a king. He doesn’t take into consideration that he will pay for all the evil deeds that he executes. Killing Duncan is the worst crime that is possible to commit since the kings were the closest in hierarchy next to god. It is evident that Macbeth is aware that this is an evil sin when he states, â€Å" I dare do all that may be come a man, who dares do more is none.† (Act I Scene VII, Line 46-47) The previous statement shows that Macbeth believes that killing Duncan will make him nothing more than a beast. Nevertheless he goes against his morals and kills King Duncan. Sin is a prevalent theme in this play, Macbeth shows that he knows he has lived a sinful life, â€Å"Seyton I am sick at hearth, when I behold Seyton I have live’d long enough.† (Act V Scene III, Lines 20-22) Ambition takes over Macbeth when he decides to hire assassinators to kill Macduffs wife and children, â€Å"The castle o f Macduff I will surprise; seize upon Fife; give to the edge of the sword in this line.† Lanoue 2 (Act IV Scene I Lines 150-153) Macbeth shows the insignificance of his morals and responsibilities by his actions, he shows that becoming king is of much more importance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weird sisters (witches) have a great impact on Macbeths state of mind when he decides to follow through with many of his actions. The witches are responsible for putting the idea of Macbeth becoming king in his head. Faith in the witches compromises his honour since they are believed to be evil however Macbeth

Reflections on Transgender Essay

Before going to the transgender workshop, I have already had a mindset of gender stereotype and I have never thought of accepting the sexual minorities like trans and homosexual people. I was raised in a traditional and conservative family that my parents showed me that a man should be the head of the family because he is the breadwinner so all family members have to rely on him. On the other hand, a woman should always listen to her husband and stay at home to serve her husband and take care of the children. Family is the primary socializing agent that I learn how a family functions by observational learning. Moreover, I was taught in school that how girls and boys should behave without questioning the reason why I should behave like that. The formal, informal and hidden curriculum in school shaped my thought about gender. For instance, boys should be active and girls should be quiet in class. Socialized by family and school for a long time, I internalized the gender stereotype made by the culture of society so I admitted that I had a closed-mind before. I now understand why students are inculcated with this kind of gender stereotype. It is because capitalists want to maintain their power and heterosexual domination in a patriarchy society so they labeled the minority as abnormal. According to the conflict theory of Karl Marx, the education systems produce the ideology of gender stereotype so as to maintain and legitimate the base created by capitalists who control the means of production. I have learned to think in a critical manner because many of our mindsets are shaped by society. We have to question whether they are rational before accepting those thoughts. After attending the transgender workshop, I had a brief understanding about what transgender is. Transgender means that people identify themselves as another sex different from their biological sex. Their gender identity and gender expression are different from their biological sex and gender role constructed by society. For example, some of them are male at birth but they id entify themselves as female. We called them MtF (male to female) and another type is called FtM (female to male). Mainly, trans people are divided into two groups, the Crossdresser, who like to dress up as a different sex and the Transexual, who have undergone sex reassignment surgery. From the sharing of two trans people, Fei (a MtF) and Siu Keung(a  FtM), I know that being a trans person is tough because he or she has to face a lot of difficulty in daily life such as being questioned by family and friends as well as being discriminated against in society that make them have low self-esteem. Like Fei, he discovered that he liked a boy when he was in Form 3 or 4 and then his classmates humiliated him so he hated himself very much at that time and he even tried to commit suicide. I can see that peer is another socializing agent that affects our mindset of who we are and what we are supposed to behave. If we violate the expected behavior of society, we will be regarded as freak and abnormal. In order not to be isolated or labeled as abnormal, we follow the main stream and hide the side that what we actually are. Also, I can see that only the hegemonic masculinity is being accepted among people through Fei’s experience. He was once invited to a themed party a nd he wore a dress to go to the party. However, his friends asked him not to wear dress to come again. Feminine masculinity is not acceptable. Everything has its diversity but people tend to divide things into binary opposition. The one who owns power decides which character is the â€Å"right† and normal one and the other is regarded as â€Å"wrong† and abnormal. It is obviously a power struggle. Trans gender people are leading a difficult life. In Hong Kong, there are approximately 200-300 trans people (Leung, 2012). Many of them are like Fei that they have to behave â€Å"normal† in front of other people and they could only be the true self when they are alone. Trans people will also consider their behaviors as abnormal or even consider themselves as a psychopathy. As many of them are reluctant to find help, they are in lack of people to share their feelings that make them feel lonely and helpless. Some of them many even hurt their reproductive organs or commit suicide. Apart from the lacking in mental support, the institution in Hong Kong doesn’t provid e enough support for trans people. Until now, there is no law to protect trans people, as they are not included in the Sex Discrimination Ordinance. Only those who are judged to have Gender Identity Disorder can be protected under Disability Discrimination Ordinance. (Leung, 2012) Yet, in the mean time, trans people are labeled as disable as well as having mental disorder, which is another kind of discrimination. Also, health care system in Hong Kong is not comprehensive enough for trans people. At present, there are only two hospitals, which are Prince of Wales Hospital and the sex clinic in Castle  Peak Hospital, that provide transgender medical diagnostic services so trans people have to wait about seven weeks to see the doctor (Medical services provided for Gender Identity Disorders patients, 2013). Knowing what tough situation that the trans people are facing, I feel sympathy for them and I will now show my respect to trans people. I used to think that the Crossdresser was abnormal and disgusting. Now, I question why women can dress like men but men cannot dress like women. It is unfair to men that they will be criticized and discriminated against if they dress like women. Also, the media uses language to derogate the Crossdresser such as calling them ladyboy â€Å"ä º ºÃ¥ ¦â€"â€Å". Like Fei, he likes wearing dress since he was small but he has tried to throw away all his dresses as his mother and girlfriends did not accept that. It is hard for him not to be the one he wanted to be and he had spent years being the one he hated. I will consider crossdressing as a hobby of trans people because they just spend time on something they like to do. Also, we should not criticize their act because it does not do any harm on other people. In addition to the Crossdresser, transsexual people have to master up their courage to undergo sex reassignment surgery as it is not as easy as we think. In fact, it is a long process. They have to first get a referral letter from doctors, social workers or psychologists and they must pass the two-year mental and psychological evaluation process including living as another sex for one year. Next, they can be defined as gender identity disorder. After that, they are referred to public hospital to undergo surgery. In fact it is dangerous for them to undergo sex reassignment surgery, especially the FtM people. There is a high risk of injury in penile reconstructive surgery and the success rate is low. Also, they have to take hormones. According to some medical studies, there will be some long-term side effects of taking female hormones. For example, the risk of having breast cancer will be higher and the load of the liver will be increased (Transgender handbook, 2012). I appreciate their determination that they would rather sacrifice their health in order to be their true selves. As Goffman said, gender is something that an individual actively do, we can choose to be a man or a woman, as we like. In this post-modern age, queer theory suggested that gender is fluid. A picture of the genderbread person shows that there are more than eighty combinations that an individual can be. For example, she can be a female but identifying herself as a man  and she can express herself as androgynous and bei ng a bisexual. I know that when we do not understand an issue clearly, we have no right to criticize it. After knowing what transgender is, I choose to respect. We should be open-minded to accept the existence of diversity of gender in society or at least we should respect so that we all can live in a society with harmony. I have a friend who is a bisexual. I was once reluctant to befriend him. But now, I always show him my support and I am willing to listen to his difficulties in daily life to help him release stress. Also, I realized that I do not need to do something to fulfill what society expects me to do as a girl. For example, I do not need to be tender; I do not need to have long legs, big breasts or a slim body to impress men. I just have to be myself, which is unique. Work cited 1.Leung , J.(2012). Gossip boys and girls[Brochure]. Hong Kong: Transgender Resource Center. 2.Medical services provided for Gender Identity Disorders patients. (2013, October 9). Retrieved from http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201310/09/P201310090465.htm3.Rainbow of Hong Kong. (2012). Transgender handbook[Brochure]. Retrieved from http://rainbowhk.org/tg/handbook-p.html

Social Promotion or Retention The Only choices for...

Social Promotion or Retention: The Only choices for failing students? How to help students who fail, or students who do not achieve up to a certain academic standard, is an issue that probably goes back to the beginning of levels of school for students to progress through. In the U.S. it goes back to the 1840’s where age-graded schools began. In those times children who did not meet a certain standard were retained, or they repeated that grade. Rates of grade retention are difficult to trace in the past as well as currently. In some of these illustrative examples, a state could reduce retention by half in thirty years. However, different states had different retention rates. In 1909 one Massachusetts school district had a 7.5% retention†¦show more content†¦So much so that if a person is held back twice it is almost certain they will drop out. A University of Georgia study helps prove this point. It involved over 11,000 students and concluded that repeating a year has a negative effect on a student’s performance. It also showed t hat the students tend to fall farther behind during the second year which could explain why they rarely graduate. â€Å"Retained children are 20 to 30 percent more likely to drop out of school when compared to low achieves who are allowed to move to the next grade.† (McBrien) states Lynn McBrien a former editor-in-chief of Education Today and a vice-president of corporate development for the National Reading Styles Institute. There are other studies that state the similar things. Due to these and possible more reasons the idea of social promotion was implemented in some areas. Social promotion is the passing of students who fail to meet the criteria for passing. It’s called â€Å"social† because it is often used with the student’s social and psychological well being in mind not achievement. Unfortunately, this solution caused just as many problems as retention. The first problem is if people are passed without mastering one material how can they do well in the grade above if the material is harder and based on previous material. â€Å"Students who are promoted without regard to their achievement or areShow MoreRelated Social Promotion Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pages Social Promotion: An Excuse for Not Educating a Child nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When it comes to students failing a grade level there has always been two options, either a student can be socially promoted or they can be retained. The choices for a failing child are limited and both situations have stigmas attached. Both options have positive and negative effects this I concur. 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