Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse is such a devastating crime because its victims are those least able to protect themselves or speak out, while those who perpetrate it are most likely to be repeat offenders. Many pedophiles follow career paths—including the clergy, athletic coaches, and counselors of troubled youth—that provide them with a steady stream of underage victims, while simultaneously and ironically, earning them the trust of other adults. The following facts and statistics, drawn from the National Center for Victims of Crime Child Sexual Abuse fact sheet, reveals the scope of child sexual abuse in the United States and its devastating long-term impact on a childs life. Underreporting Perhaps the most troublesome aspect regarding child sexual abuse is that its a significantly under-reported crime thats difficult to prove or prosecute. Most perpetrators of child molestation, incest, and child rape are rarely identified or brought to justice. According to the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), almost 80,000 cases of child sexual abuse reported each year fall far short of the actual number. Abuse frequently goes unreported because child victims are afraid to tell anyone what happened and the legal procedure for validating an episode is difficult. Child Sex Abuse Percentages by Gender and Age Children are most vulnerable to sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13. In the May 1997 issue of Pediatric Annual, Dr. Ann Botash estimated that 25% of girls and 16% of boys experience sexual abuse before they turn 18. Statistics for boys may be falsely low because of reporting techniques. 67% were under age 1834% were under age 1214% were under age 6 Offenders are Often People Children Know and Trust Bureau of Justice Statistics from 2000 revealed that all victims of sexual assault reported to law enforcement agencies, of offenders who victimized children under age 6, 40% were under age 18. 96% were known to their victims50% were acquaintances or friends20% were fathers16% were relatives4% were strangers How Poor Parenting Affects Child Sex Abuse Sociologist and researcher Dr. David Finkelhor, who specializes in child sexual abuse and related topics, notes that its often a parents connection (or lack thereof) to his/her child puts that child at greater risk of being sexually abused. Despite what children are taught about stranger danger, most child victims are abused by someone they know and trust. When the abuser is not a family member, the victim is more often a boy than a girl. The results of a three-state study of reported rape survivors under age 12 revealed the following about offenders: Parental inadequacyParental unavailabilityParent-child conflictA poor parent-child relationship Psychological Ramifications of Early Sex Abuse AACAP findings indicate that a child of five or older who knows and cares for the abuser becomes trapped between affection or loyalty for the person and the sense that the sexual activities are terribly wrong. If the child tries to break away from the sexual relationship, the abuser may threaten the child with violence or loss of love. When sexual abuse occurs within the family, the child may fear the anger, jealousy or shame of other family members, or be afraid the family will break up if the secret is told. How Perpetrators Influence or Intimidate Their Victims Child sexual abuse involves coercion and occasionally violence. Perpetrators offer attention and gifts, manipulate or threaten the child, behave aggressively or use a combination of these tactics. In one study of child victims, half were subjected to a physical force such as being held down, struck, or violently shaken. The Impact of Incest Girls are the victims of incest and/or intrafamily sexual abuse much more frequently than boys. Between 33-50% of perpetrators who sexually abuse girls are family members, while only 10-20% of those who sexually abuse boys are intrafamily perpetrators. Intrafamily abuse continues over a longer period of time than sexual abuse outside the family, and some forms—such as parent-child abuse—have more serious and lasting consequences. Recognizing Signs of Child Sex Abuse Behavioral changes are often the first signs of sexual abuse. These can include nervous or aggressive behavior toward adults, early and age-inappropriate sexual provocativeness, alcohol consumption and the use of other drugs. Boys are more likely than girls to act out or behave in aggressive and antisocial ways. Chronic depressionLow self-esteemSexual dysfunctionMultiple personalitiesDissociative responses and other signs of post-traumatic stress syndromeChronic states of arousalNightmaresFlashbacksVenereal diseaseAnxiety over sexFear of exposing the body during medical exams When Kids Abuse Kids According to research commissioned by the Justice Department from the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire, more than one-third of all sex crimes against juveniles are perpetrated by other juveniles. Juvenile offenders make up 36% of sex offenders who victimize minors.Seven out of eight of these offenders are at least 12 years old93% are male. Steps Parents Can Take to Stop Child Sex Abuse Keeping open lines of communication with kids is crucial in order to prevent or curtail child sexual abuse. Children must understand that sexual abuse is never the victims fault. First, children should be taught what behavior is appropriate affection—and what is not. Next, children must be made to understand that if someone—even someone they know, including a family member—is behaving toward them in an inappropriate manner, they should tell their parents immediately. The AACAP says that while children should be taught to respect adults, that does not mean adhering to blind obedience to adults and to authority. For example, telling children to always do everything the teacher or babysitter tells you to do is not good advice. Children should be taught to trust their instincts. If someone tries to touch your body and do things that make you feel funny, say NO to that person and tell me right away. Sources Medline Plus: Child Sexual Abuse.  U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.  Child Sexual Abuse Statistics. National Center for Victims of Crime. Finkelhor, Davidï » ¿; Shattuck, Anne; Turner, Heather A.; Hamby, Sherry L. The Lifetime Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault Assessed in Late Adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health—55. pp. 329, 329-333. 2014Koch, Wendy. Study: Many Sex Offenders are Kids Themselves. USA Today. January 4, 2009.Sex Abuse. , No. 9. American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. November 2014.Facts for Familys GuideFinkelhor, David. Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse. The Future of Children. 1994Becker, Judith. Offenders: Characteristics and Treatment. The Future of Children. 1994

Work Ethics Free Essays

According to Webster’s Dictionary â€Å"work ethics is a belief in work as a moral good.† Which is basically saying you do your work because you want to, not because you have to, and maybe get noticed for it? Some people work because they have to but if you have work ethic for what you work for it’s because you are doing it because you like and thinks it is a good job. If you do job just because then it is not considered a good work ethic, it is considered a work ethic but you only do the job because you have to do it. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those with a good work ethic often also possess generally strong character. This means they are self-disciplined, pushing themselves to complete work tasks instead of requiring others to intervene. They are also often very honest and trustworthy, as they view these traits as befitting the high-quality employees they seek to become, to demonstrate their strong character, these workers embody these positive traits daily, likely distinguishing themselves from the rest.I have a work ethic. My work ethic is working in the library at my high school. I work in the library because I have to. I don’t like to work in the library but I do because it is a good work ethic. I work here because they need help. Many students leave school ill-prepared for the workplace. Poor academic skills and work habits limit their understanding of how they might fit into the adult world. Work-based learning addresses this problem by extending the walls of the classroom to include the whole community, giving students real world experiences and opportunities to apply academic skills in the workplace. Work-based learning is an integral part of school to careers transition, combining school-based learning and work-based learning into an integrated experience for all students. Through work-based learning, â€Å"Employers reinforce academic lessons, schools emphasize career applications, students gain experience in the adult world of work and connections to a range of post-secondary options, including college, technical training and skilled entry level work.† The National Center for Career and Technical Education (NCCTE) defines career development as â€Å"the total constellation of psychological, sociological, education, physical, economic, and chance factors that combine to influence the nature and significance of work in the total lifespan of any given individual.† Work-based learning is defined as a coherent sequence of job training and work experience that involves actual work experience and connects classroom learning to work activities. One of the key elements that lead to the success of a school to careers system is work-based learning. Students must have access to a range of developmentally appropriate work-based learning experiences. Schools and employers need flexibility to develop a school to careers transition that builds on local strengths and is tailored to local needs and circumstances. The work-based component may include a variety of activities including job shadowing, school based enterprises, entrepreneurial programs, dual enrollment, mentorships, career pathways, and service learning to name a few. Using a range of in-school and out-of-school strategies – paid or unpaid work experiences during the school day or after school – with programs customized to fit the needs of young people, school, businesses, and the local community, the main focus of any of these work-based learning experiences is that they must offer academic study, professional/technical skills, and work related experiences. Although most people have wanted to concentrate their efforts related to work-based learning on students in the upper years of high school, they should realize that programs that do not start until the 11th grade miss the chance to make a significant impact on many students. Work-based experiences need to take a progressive sequential approach that includes preparation (feeder) experiences starting as early as elementary or middle school. It is crucial to include younger students before they become discouraged and disengaged or drop out of school altogether. â€Å"Feeder† experiences expose young people to a range of career opportunities through such options as summer internships, job shadowing, and career exploration workshops, all of which are geared to the connection between school and work and the integration of academic and occupational training. Ideally the work-based learning component is delivered through a planned program of job training and other employment experiences related to a chosen career. How to cite Work Ethics, Papers

Scale Distributed Computing and Applications †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Scale Distributed Computing and Applications. Answer: Introduction: When a system is proposed that requires strong authentication and authorization then multi-tier client server architecture is most preferred and effective. In this model handling of application is done at the client and functions data management is done at the server. Management of data is performed right-on and thus, interaction handling between application processing and the clients is not necessary. In multi-tier architecture application modules are separated and subdivided into several tiers depending on their functionalities. Every tier basically executes on different systems. This offers distribution and, therefore, doing away with the disadvantage of single point failure. As compared to single or two-tier, security of applications and data is higher in multi-tier architecture (Helmer, Poulovassilis, Xhafa, 2011). Single point of failures is eliminated in the application. Utilization of load balancer in the distribution of traffic across several web servers aids in removal of single point failure. Provides high level security: deployment of many tiers assists in enhancing data and application security. Attackers are limited by the absence of point of failures, therefore, their ability to take control over data and applications have been narrowed. The possibility of clients interacting with unauthorized data has been greatly reduced as clients dont to access the database directly. Diverse networks have distinctive security needs which limits how an end user interacts with the server. For instance, if an end user is connected to the internet, their communication with the servers is regulated by a firewall. The existence of a firewall that is not under the manipulation of a client restricts the selection of the protocols to use. several firewalls are set up to enable HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) to go through them and not IIOP (internet inter-orb protocol). (Singh, 2011). Authentication is also influenced by security requirements. Authentication of users if a client and server are within similar security domain like an intranet of company as compared where they are on different domains like over the internet which requires more sophisticated scheme for logging in (Vogel, Arnold, Chughtai, Kehrer, 2011). According to Qian (2010),functionality of the multi-tier Architecture is considered unique as it is subdivided into 3 logical modules including; application, business management and data services. These logical modules can be mapped into three or several physical nodules. Application services- the general functionality of this module is more of the user interface and presentation needs and is run on the client side, that is, it is run on the clients desktop/ browser which support widowing operating platform. modifications in functionality is determined by the simplicity of use or creative considerations, basically human factors. Data services are deployed using the technologies of database servers, which is likely to be run on high bandwidth and immense performance stations that handle a lot of clients interconnected over a network. Data services are likely to be modified when relationship among stored data and representation changes. Business services mirror the encrypted information about business processes. They handle and incorporate data received from the data services and make it available to application services. Business services are basically utilized by several clients and so they are likely to be situated on unique servers despite the fact that they may be located on similar node as data services. According to Cristea, (2010), partitioning functionality offers a comparatively stable design for scalability. Reference List HELMER, S., POULOVASSILIS, A., XHAFA, F. (2011).Reasoning in event-based distributed systems. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3066610. SINGH, S. K. (2011).Database systems: concepts, design and applications management. Delhi, Dorling Kindersley (India). https://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/?fpi=9788131760925. QIAN, K. (2010).Software architecture and design illuminated. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. CRISTEA, V. (2010).Large-scale distributed computing and applications: models and trends. Hershey, PA, Information Science Reference. VOGEL, O., ARNOLD, I., CHUGHTAI, A., KEHRER, T. (2011).Software architecture a comprehensive framework and guide for practitioners. Berlin, Springer.

Supernatural In Shakespeares Plays Essays - Fiction,

Supernatural in Shakespeare's Plays In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Thus, the supernatural is a recurring aspect in many of Mr. Shakespeare?s plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and augments the impact of many key scenes. The supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms. In Hamlet there appears perhaps the most notable of the supernatural forms, the ghost. However, in Macbeth, not only does a ghost appear but a floating dagger, witches, and prophetic apparitions make appearances. The role of the supernatural is very important in Hamlet and Macbeth. A ghost, appearing in the form of Hamlet?s father, makes several appearances in the play. It first appears to the watchmen, Marcellus and Bernardo, along with Horatio near the guardsmens' post. The ghost says nothing to them and is perceived with fear and apprehension, ?It harrows me with fear and wonder?. It is not until the appearance of Hamlet that the ghost speaks, and only then after Horatio has expressed his fears about Hamlet following it, ?What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, or to the dreadful summit of the cliff?. The conversation between the ghost and Hamlet serves as a catalyst for Hamlet?s later actions and provides insight into Hamlet?s character. The information the ghost reveals incites Hamlet into action against a situation he was already uncomfortable with, and now even more so. Hamlet is not quick to believe the ghost, ?The spirit that I have seen may be a devil... and perhaps out of my weakness and my melancholy..abuses me to damn me?, and thus an aspect of Hamlet?s character is revealed. Hamlet, having no suspicion of the ghost after the production by the players, encounters the ghost next in his mother?s room. In this scene the ghost makes an appearance to ?whet? Hamlet?s ?almost blunted purpose?. Hamlet is now convinced of the ghost and he no longer harbors any suspicion. He now listens to it, ?Speak to her, Hamlet?. In Hamlet, the supernatural is the guiding force behind Hamlet. The ghost ask Hamlet to seek revenge for the King?s death and Hamlet is thus propelled to set into action a series of events that ends in Hamlet?s death. The supernatural occurs four times during the course of Macbeth. It occurs in all the appearances of the witches, in the appearance of Banquo?s ghost, in the apparitions with their prophesies, and in the ?air-drawn? dagger that guides Macbeth towards his victim. Of the supernatural phenomenon evident in Macbeth the witches are perhaps the most important. The witches represent Macbeth?s evil ambitions. They are the catalyst which unleash Macbeth?s evil aspirations. Macbeth believes the witches and wishes to know more about the future so after the banquet he seeks them out at their cave. He wants to know the answers to his questions regardless of whether the consequence be violent and destructive to nature. The witches promise to answer and at Macbeth?s choice they add further unnatural ingredients to the cauldron and call up their masters. This is where the prophetic apparitions appear. The first apparition is Macbeth?s own head (later to be cut off by Macduff) confirming his fears of Macduff. The second apparition tells Macbeth that he can not be harmed by no one born of woman. This knowledge gives Macbeth a false sense of security because he believes that he cannot be harmed, yet Macduff was not of woman born, his mother was dead and a corpse when Macduff was born. This leads to Macbeth?s downfall. A child with a crown on his head, the third apparition, represents Malcolm, Duncan?s son. This apparition also gives Macbeth a false sense of security because of the Birnam Wood prophesy. The appearance of Banquo?s ghost provides insight into Macbeth?s character. It shows the level that Macbeth?s mind has recessed to. When he sees the ghost he reacts with horror and upsets the guests. Macbeth wonders why murder had taken place many times in the past before it was prevented by law -?statute

Chief Justice Rehnquist essays

Chief Justice Rehnquist essays William Hubbs Renquist was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on October 1, 1924. William Rehnquist went to elementary and high school in Shorewood, Wisconsin. He served in the United States Army Air Corps in this country and overseas from 1943 to 1946. Then was discharged with the rank of sergeant. He was further educated at Stanford and Harvard universities. He attended Stanford University in 1948. At Stanford, he earned both a bachelor and a master of arts degree in political science. Then he continued his education at Harvard University in 1950. It was at Harvard where he received another master of arts degree only this time in government. Then returned back to Stanford University. After receiving his law degree from Stanford University in 1952, he served as law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson for a year. He married Natalie Cornell in 1953, who was from San Diego, California. Rehnquist had three children. James who was born in 1955, Janet who was born in 1 957, and Nancy who was born in 1959. The following year he went to Phoenix, where he practiced law and became involved in conservative Republican politics. He was an assistant U.S. attorney general, from (196871), heading the office of legal counsel in the Department of Justice before being named an associate justice of the Supreme Court by President Nixon on October 21, 1971. He served for fifteen years as an Associate Justice. Until 1986, when Warren Burger retired as chief justice, President Ronald Reagan nominated Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States. Then he was sworn in on September 26, 1986. Rehnquist has created what maybe the court's most conservative record of the last 25 years, voting consistently to interpret the court's jurisdiction narrowly. He is against the expansion of federal powers. In conflicts between federal and state authority, Rehnquist generally favors states. As chief just ...

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health care marketing - Essay Example As the pioneers who â€Å"bridged the gap between the initial R&D and the market-ready innovation by defining a baby-care niche† (Blatchford, 2010), Johnson & Johnson successfully used the branding strategy to turn the undifferentiated product ‘Mineral Oil’ ( used primarily for health and medical uses) into one of their most successful consumer products. The Johnson’s Baby product range was later extended to include more related products like the ‘No more tears shampoo’. The brand has become well-known for its comfort, care and safety message which has been communicated very effectively through the above-the-line advertising and their signature pink packaging. The marketing strategies of the Brand have been so successful because of the effective use of basic principles of marketing especially with regards to identifying the target market and developing suitable communications. Target Market   The target market can be formally defined as "A se t of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve" (Kotler et al, 2010). Defining the target market is the foundation step towards developing the value in a product or service, that will be communicated according to the consumers needs. The development of distribution, advertising, and production plans all depend on the target market as selected by an organization. ... The communication and value proposition offered is same for all segments. Differentiated: targeting several segments and offering them varied value propositions for a given product, in accordance with their specific needs Niche: Focusing on just one segment, provides them with specialized products with unique value proposition. (Kotler et al, 2010). An organization with a highly innovative product may want to go with niche marketing as they can concentrate their resources on developing a highly involved market for their product. This strategy may also be preferred for companies that are starting out small and do not have the financial and human resources required for a larger marketing plan targeting several different groups of consumers. Organizations have to be clear about their own strengths (and weaknesses), their long and short term goals and the external environment before deciding to utilize a particular targeting strategy. Consumer insight research is an important component o f this process, as it highlights what exactly are the consumer needs and their perceived reception to any new product and Johnson & Johnson. The market segments to be selected for targeting purposes are divided into groups with similar demographic and psychographic traits. The marketers group the consumers through evaluation of questions such as; will they feel the need for a certain product? If so what value will the ascribe to it? Can they afford it? Are they doers or achievers? Is brand status important to them? How important is family to them? And so on and so forth. Questions such as these are designed to provide consumer insight and feelings, which can help a company to design and communicate better solutions for them.

Team Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Team Building - Essay Example But a basic disadvantage in this type of functioning is that the employee doesn't feel the belonging to the organization and therefore may not go for value addition and creativity to the task. An individual is least bothered about the final product, once he/ she has done his/ her share of task. A team on the other hand helps in networking of the individuals, with exchange of ideas and suggestions. This not only helps in regular updation of the knowledge level of the team members but also enriches the final product and service. When the customer feels the advantage of value addition, he'll naturally be attracted towards the product/ service. The figure below depicts the difference between these two types of systems. Teams in general are committed for common goals as they are accountable for them. Teams can pool there resources, synergize their acts and the team members can complement and supplement each other's efforts to come out with the final product. Contribution from the concerned team members helps in widening the thoughts, assigning responsibilities, helps in implementing and constantly monitoring the results and feedback helps in devising a still better strategy. Structure and composition of a team forms the basis of its working. ... But the core characteristic is the commitment to a common goal. The team structure determines how to maximize the common efforts. If any one members of the team works in a manner adversely affecting the final outcome, then it acts as a de-motivating factor for other members in the team, which in turn affects the quality of the final product. Therefore an efficient team structure also takes care of such eventualities. A well designed team structures helps in polishing the abilities of the individual team members. A person's strengths may not always be visible; it might be overshadowed by something that he has done in the past. Sometimes it requires a personal trigger from the team leader. When the team members find that the team is behind them and the leader has enough confidence in them they come out of their shell with readiness to take initiatives. The trigger has to be the right one, because squeezing the wrong one might lead to further detachment. Strategies must be in place to s upport such initiates and experiments. Answer-2 Part-I: Contribution of leadership towards strategy implementation Howard Good (2006), the former president of Highland Central School Board in Highland, N.Y., says, "Being board president brings power and prestige, but you must inspire and help others to be successful". A team leader therefore plays the central role in making or breaking the team. It is the team leader who can synergize the efforts or just wither away the advantage, with his actions. A team leader is supposed to delegate the powers and responsibilities amongst his/ her team mates, inspire the team members by being an example and motivate his team with appropriate motivating factors. A leader